Shearing resistant turbine disk



Dec. 22, 1942. E. GENTE ETAL 2,305,767

' I SHEARING RESISTANT TURBINE DISK Filed June 22, 1939 Patented Dec. 22, 1942 UNITED STATES TENT ()FFICE Bierend, Berlin Charlottenburg,

Germany vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application June 22 1939., Serial No. 280,558

In Germany June 22, 1938 2 Claims.

invention relates to radial flow machines such as steam or gas turbines, and is particularly concerned with a disk structure for suchmachines, which is adapted to resist deformation when acted upon by the operating fluid.

Prior disk structures of this kind are equipped with concentrically arranged annular bodies or blade rings which are supported thereon by hinge or link-like means or are hingedly secured to each other, forming in either case an intermediate radially extending web which is disposed between the blade rings.

The web yields and is deformed responsive to pressure occurring in the operation of the turbine and the annular blade rings are correspondingly deflected. This condition introduces considerable difficulties in the design as well as the operation of such machines.

The principal object of the invention resides in the provision of a structure wherein the blade rings are arranged and related to each other in such a manner that the deformation and resultant deflection is substantially diminished and eliminated. This is accomplished by making the blade rings integral with the disk body and arranging them so that the inner diameter of one ring on one side of the disk is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the annular oppositely disposed blade ring. The customary radially extending web between the annular bodies or blade rings is thus substantially eliminated. The new structure resists the lateral forces impinging upon the disk in the operation of such machines and distributes and propagates them more advantageously.

The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein Fig. 1 illustrates a known structure of webjoined blade rings;

Fig. 2 shows the deformation and deflection occurring in the operation of the structure, Fig. 1;

and

Fig. 3 represents the new arrangement according to the invention.

Referring now to Fig. 1, reference characters R, indicate a number of blade rings which are disposed in accordance With customary practice on a radially extending disk forming between the rings the intermediate webs such as indicated at s. Reference character I) indicates the thickness of the web. The web will yield in response to super-atmospheric pressure occurring on one side of the disk in the direction of the arrow 10 causing a deformation as indicated in Fig. 2 at f. The deformation is cumulative and a relatively great total deformation of the disk must therefore be taken intQ accoun he des gn f s c ma: chines, for example, a turbine. Substantially identical conditions prevail in prior structures wherein the blade rings are arranged in stepped or staggered relation in such a manner that the rings on one side of the disk lie in the spaces between the rings on the other side thereof, because such structures also have the web formation between the rings, which deforms when subjected to the pressure of the operating fluid.

The structure made in accordance with the invention is shown in Fig. 3. The circular bodies or blade rings R0 on one side and the ring bodies R1 on the other side are worked out from the material of the disk and therefore are integral therewith. The inner diameter D01 of the ring R01 is equal to the outer diameter D11 of the ring R11. The new structure does not form a web corresponding to the web s of Figs. 1 and 2, and there is therefore no deformation corresponding to that illustrated in Fig. 2. The total deformation of the disk in response to super-atmospheric pressure prevailing at one side thereof is considerably smaller than in the prior structures. This is of particular importance in the case of large disks and in structures subjected to great superatmospheric pressure or to high temperatures, or both. I

The new disk is equipped with an integral hub section for attachment to the shaft, as shown in Fig. 3. This hub section is radially substantially in alignment with the disk body on the pressure side thereof and extends therefrom radially and axially on the off-pressure side so as to reinforce the disk at the root thereof against forces tending to cause deformation responsive to the action of the operating fluid.

What is believed to be new and desired to have protected by Letters Patent of the United States is defined as follows:

1. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine or the like wherein a blade-carrying disk is subjected to the pressure and thrust of the operating fluid acting predominantly on one side thereof at super-atmospheric pressure and relatively high temperature tending to deform the disk, a disk which is resistant to such deformation consisting of an integral structure which includes a radially extending body, concentrically arranged annular blade-carrying rings extending from said body on either side thereof and integral therewith, said rings being disposed on said body in radially staggered relation so that the inside diameter of a ring on one side thereof is equal to the outside diameter of the ring on the opposite side thereof, whereby a radially extending web formation of said body intermediate said rings which would be subject to deformation responsive to the action of said fluid is entirely eliminated, together with a central integral hub section for attachment of said disk to a shaft, said hub section being radially substantially in alignment with said body on the pressure side of said disk and extending therefrom radially and axially on the off-pressure side thereof so as to reinforce the disk at the root thereof against forces tending to cause deformation responsive to the action of said operating fluid.

2. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine or the like wherein a blade-carrying disk is subjected to thepressure and thrust of the operating fluid acting predominantly on one side thereof at super-atmospheric pressure and relatively high temperature tending to deform the disk, 2, disk which is resistant to such deformation consisting of an integral structure which includes a radially extending body of substantially uniform thickness, concentrically arranged annular blade-carrying rings extending from said body on either side thereof and integral therewith, said rings being disposed on said body in radially staggered relation so that the inside diameter of a ring on one side thereof is exactly equal to the outside diameter of the ring on the opposite side thereof, whereby a radially extending web formation of said body intermediate said rings which would be subject to deformation responsive to the action of said fluid is entirely eliminated, together with a central hub section for said body which is integral therewith, and an integral enlargement on said hub section on the off-pressure side of the disk which reinforces the disk at the root thereof against forces tending to cause deformation responsive to the action of said operating fluid.

ERNST GENTE.

ALFRED BIEREND. 

